{"id":3196,"date":"2011-12-25T16:56:55","date_gmt":"2011-12-25T08:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/inhaoxu.com\/blog\/?p=3196"},"modified":"2011-12-25T16:58:47","modified_gmt":"2011-12-25T08:58:47","slug":"%e7%8b%ac%e8%a3%81%e8%80%85%e7%9a%846%e5%a4%a7%e5%85%b1%e5%90%8c%e7%89%b9%e8%b4%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inhaoxu.com\/blog\/?p=3196","title":{"rendered":"\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u76846\u5927\u5171\u540c\u7279\u8d28"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6709\u7740\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\uff1f\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u300b\u535a\u5ba2\u4f5c\u8005\u6770\u68ee\u2022\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08Jason G. Goldman\uff09\u8fd1\u65e5\u64b0\u5199\u535a\u6587\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n\u4ece\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u3001\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u3002<\/div>\n

\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u666e\u901a\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u4f1a\u72c2\u70ed\u5730\u8ffd\u968f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5371\u9669\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6709\u66f4\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u5f53\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5f53\u5f53\u7684\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u8363\u683c\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c<\/h1>\n

1939\u5e74\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u5c14\u2022\u8363\u683c\uff08Carl Jung\uff09\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u4f1a\u89c1\u4e86\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u79d1\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\uff08Coolidge\uff09\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\uff08Segal\uff09\u5bf9\u6b64\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8363\u683c\u8bf4\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u7b11\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u603b\u662f\u5fc3\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u751f\u95f7\u6c14\u3002\u8363\u683c\u5224\u65ad\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u662f\u6027\u51b7\u6de1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b8b\u5fcd\u6beb\u65e0\u4eba\u6027\uff1b\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u6765\u6392\u9664\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u5e76\u6d17\u5237\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u803b\u8fb1\u3002\u201d\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u8ba9\u8363\u683c\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\uff0c\u8363\u683c\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u201c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u548c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4eb2\u548c\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u516d\u5927\u5171\u540c\u7279\u8d28<\/h1>\n

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2007\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u627e\u6765\u4e865\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u8bf75\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u6839\u636e\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u518c\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\uff08DSM-IV\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u75c7\u72b6\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u8fdb\u884c\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u4e94\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u504f\u6267\u3001\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u604b\u4ee5\u53ca\u65bd\u8650\u503e\u5411\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5938\u5f20\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

2007\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u7684\u6027\u683c\u4f5c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u6765\u4e8611\u4e2a\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u79c1\u4e0b\u4e0e\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u6982\u662f24\u5e74\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u6709\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u504f\u6267\u3001\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u604b\u4ee5\u53ca\u65bd\u8650\u503e\u5411\u7b49\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65bd\u8650\u503e\u5411\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u66f4\u751a\uff1b\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u8fbe\u52300.79\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a2\u7ec4\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u5907\u7684\u516d\u5927\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u65bd\u8650\u503e\u5411\u3001\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u504f\u6267\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u604b\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u66f4\u50cf\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\uff1f<\/h1>\n

2009\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u521a\u521a\u8fc7\u4e16\u7684\u524d\u671d\u9c9c\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u7ecf\u4eba\u5f15\u8350\uff0c\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u97e9\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4f4d\u533f\u540d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u201c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u57f9\u8bad\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u540c\u610f\u4e3a\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ed6\u5bf9\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u5fc3\u7406\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u516d\u5927\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a \u65bd\u8650\u503e\u5411\u3001\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u504f\u6267\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u604b\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u8868\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u518c\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\uff08DSM-IV\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u768414\u9879\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5931\u5e38\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u4ee5\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e09\u5927\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u524d\u516d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5931\u5e38\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u548c\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u7684\u6027\u683c\u66f4\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff08\u6027\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u8fbe\u52300.67\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u6027\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u53ea\u67090.2\u3002\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u548c\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u7684\u65bd\u8650\u503e\u5411\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\uff1a\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u9ad8\u51fa3\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff01<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u638c\u6743\uff1f<\/h1>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u53c8\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u5e76\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5462\uff1f\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u5ea6\u635f\u8017\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u8fde\u73af\u6740\u4eba\u72af\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u2022\u66fc\u68ee\uff08Charles Manson\uff09\u548c\u90aa\u6559\u5934\u76ee\u5409\u59c6\u2022\u743c\u65af\uff08Jim Jones\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5723\u6bbf\u6559\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3001\u9886\u8896\u30021978\u5e7411\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u572d\u4e9a\u90a3\u743c\u65af\u9547\uff0c\u5409\u59c6\u2022\u743c\u65af\u540c900\u591a\u540d\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e00\u8d77\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u6740\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8d77\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u548c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6765\u8981\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u00a0\u66fc\u68ee\u5bb6\u65cf\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u6076\u9b54\u4e4b\u95f4\u00a0\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad\u624b\u518c\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u7248\uff08DSM-IV-TR\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u3001\u504f\u6267\u75c7\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u5305\u62ec\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u4ea7\u751f\u88ab\u5bb3\u5984\u60f3\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u5938\u5927\u9519\u89c9\u7b49\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7126\u8651\u3001\u6124\u6012\u3001\u51b7\u6f20\u3001\u597d\u8fa9\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u3002\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad\u624b\u518c\u300b\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u88ab\u5bb3\u5984\u60f3\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u5938\u5927\u9519\u89c9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u66b4\u529b\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u81ea\u5927\u3001\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e34\u4e0b\u7684\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003<\/h1>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u70b9\u91cd\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u516d\u5927\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u201d\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eca\u540e\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u65f6\u638c\u63e1\u66f4\u591a\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u4e4b\u4e00\u6216\u8005\u5168\u90e8\u8fd9\u516d\u70b9\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u3001\u6740\u4eba\u72af\u6216\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u6982\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u3001\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4e09\u5927\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u7ebf\u4eba\u660e\u786e\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u548c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u7ebf\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u534f\u4f1a\uff08American Psychological Association\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u91d1\u6c34\u6cd5\u5219\uff08Goldwater rule\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u53ca\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u75c5\u4eba\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u6cd5\u5b9a\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u5fc3\u7406\u533b\u5e08\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u8868\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u91d1\u6c34\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u540c\u5a92\u4f53\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u7b49\u4eba\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u91d1\u6c34\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8bb8\u603b\u8981\u6253\u7834\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u6761\u6846\u6846\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5e93\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u8d5b\u683c\u5c14\u5bf9\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u91d1\u6b63\u65e5\u3001\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u3001\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u8fd9\u4e09\u5927\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u6027\u683c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u81ea\u00a0The Psychology of Dictatorship: Kim Jong-Il<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90: Scientific American<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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